Fire and weather resistant jacketing



Dec. 4, 1962 G. A. FAsoLD ETAL 3,056,793

FIRE AND WEATHER RESISTANT JACKETING Filed March 17, 1958 2 Sheets-Sheet l RTTORNYS.

Dec. 4, 1962 G. A. FAsoLD ETAL 3,066,793

FIRE AND WEATHER RESISTANT JACKETING 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed March 17, 1958 I'IG.

nited States Patent @duce lydhd/Q Patented Dec. 4l, 1952 $156,793 FERR Alfil@ WEATHER ltiidld'lrfiltlri .FACKETENG (George Arthur Fasold, Mo -lealthy, and .elalph 5. (ilonnor, le, hio, as 'gnors to 'Ehe Philip Caey Manu rg lonipany, Cincinnati, tlliio, a

poration olr Il io l@ ltr/lar., i7, 119%, llo. 72t97f99 (Ci. wem-S?) Qur invention relates to new and useful improvements in lire and weather resistant jaelteting particularly for covering outdoor insulated pipe lines.

ln industr establish-rn there are often instaliat- Y n one building are connected by pipes il S l. with apparatus (pumps or the like) other tanlrs in other b 1 and it is h` ly desi ble to provide js l for cos tion on the pipes. lf these pipe an mwcly cover-.. with ordinary asphalt saturated c ed felt or rooting material there is a tendency for a in one balding to spread through combustion of the street marcial covering to the other building. This is deli rl e ire hazard.

il resistant jaeretirg is our object to of llame and ise propagate spread l A material o5 high tensile strength. (6) A sheet material reinforced so as to be very tough and r -tant to tearing with the wire tying required in its appli. on and a achrnent over pipe insulation.

The 'foregoing objectives we accomplish by the provision oi a reinforced jaclteting assembled in a particular manner as will here' latter be described.

in the drawings which illustrate diagrammatically a preferred construction:

FlGURE 1 is a cross sectional view of a piece of insulated pipe with the preferred jaclteting installed.

IGURE 2 is enlarged lengthwise sectional view as vwould appear along the lines 2 f?. of FIGURE l.

FlGURE 3 is a diagram illustrating a modified arrangement of till threads applied to the jaclieting during its manufacture.

ln order to first explain where and how our new jacketing is used, reference may be ma .te to FlGURE 1 in which 1 indicates a pipe for steam, hot water or other liquid. The insulation for the pipe is illustrated at 2 and it may be built up from blocks or" asbestos and magnesia or formed from precast arcuate segments applied to the pipe in segments i ch are bound together.

At 3 we have illustrated the jacseting material forming the subject matter of our invention the sheet material beit f r rapped around the insulation and overlapped as indie ed at i with a wire 5 holding the jacket in place, the Wire being cut ort and crimped or twisted into a bindingT series of loops as indicated at 6.

in FEGURE 2 the construction of the jaclreting material is indicated. rl'he inside ply indicated at 7 is a sheet of saturated asbestos felt. he saturant used preferably has a penetration ASTM D5 @Q 77 F. 90 to l25.

Applied to the outer surface of the felt is a lm 8 of has preferably softening point (ring t ball) 215 to 235 ASTM D-36 77 F 17 to 22 ASTM 1)-36 32 F 12 to 16 lSTli/l D-36 C@ 115 F 30 to 40 Flash point ASTM lli-92 over 500 F. Blend of hlidcontinent crude oxidized.

Softening point and penetration can vary 25% either way.

'tl/ithin the coating ot adhesive and penetrating into it there is a layer of 1/2 in. glass scrirn 9 formed with warp threads extending crosswise of the sheet and being norunwoven in the scrim structure. Surrounding the jacket and forming the outer ply is n sheet of preterably ll lh. s :stos felt lil havin,7 a v'hite outer surface which preferably is treated with a paranaceous ingredient in the be 'ter so that the white outer surface is substantially peril t lent.

lt should be understood that in the glass scrirn which we ordinarily incorporate in our jacketing during its manufacture in sheet form the warp threads which extend lengt-.wise of the sheet are primarily of importance only ill crosswise of the sheet and are of great importance in building up the toughness of the material and resistance to tearing as when the wires 5 are bound around the jacketing material to hold it in place.

ln FGURE 3 we have illustrated diagrammatically an arrangement by which the glass threads 9a which form the dll threads of the reinforcement are ejected by air from a series of nozzles arranged side by side at spaced intervals lengthwise of the sheet which eject the threads in a series of swirling loops, ila, as the sheet moves along. These loops extend widthwise of the sheet and overlap and are held in the coating of adhesive. The top ply 1li` of asbestos felt is then applied and the combined plies are then rolled up in rolls.

That the fill threads of glass fibers entend crosswise of the rolls is substantially preferable because when pieces are cut from the rolls of finished jaclteting material and applied to insulated pipes naturally the simplest way to coil the jacketing material around the insulated pipe is in conformation to the curve of the material on the roll. The glass strand reinforcement has the warp threads running lengthwise or the roll. The dimensions of the sheet as formed is of course, continuous as to length, but it is cut of in 34 ft. 6 in. lengths and the width is about 38 inches to form a roll of approximately 108 sq. ft. The reinforcing strands will be widthwise of the cut piece wrapped around the insulated pipe and the resistance to tearing will be effective when the binding wires are wrapped around the pipe and the ends of the wires are clinched or twisted together.

The men installing the jaclreting can make a more secure and snug Wrap and clinching of the binding wires and Weather resistance will be promoted. There is nothing which will cause deterioration of an installation quicker than loose fitting of the jacketing material. Water gets in between the jacket and insulation with each rain and the effectiveness of the entire installation deteriorates rapidly. Thus the particular positioning of the ll threads in the composite web of jacketing material is more eiective when it resists tearing of the edges of a piece cut to size to surround an insulated pipe.

Lbs.

Warp 12.4

Fill 8.()

Nominal weight per 100 lineal yards:

Width: 36 lbs 3.3"x

Our product is a durable, weather-resistant jacketing specifically designed for the protection of outdoor insulated pipe lines where the danger of lire must be minimized. Ordinary rooting jackets are not satisfactory, because they burn, spread lire, and drip asphalt, which further contributes to combustion. Our product is recommended for use in the process industries and in oil renneries, where it adords maximum resistance to the spread of re--and further protects the insulated surface from weather damage.

rlthe product consists of a tough, substantial sheet of asphalt saturated asbestos felt, over which is cemented on one side an unsaturated asbestos sheet. The complete Sheet is reinforced with a fabric of tough, flexible glass threads. This construction combines flexibility with very high tensile strength and extremely great resistance to tearing and cutting from Wire or strap fastenings.

Our product should be applied with the White side out on all straight runs of pipe or expansion bends with at least 3 inch circumferential and lateral laps. On horizontal pipes, the laps should be located on the side of the pipe, turned downward. The jacket may be held securely in place with rings of No. 16 gauge copper weld wire or strapping on not greater than 4 to 6 inch centers As a test to determine the resistance to tearing or cutting of the outer covering of the jacket may be accurately determined by a machine which we have devised for determining these properties. We have diagrammatically illustrated such a machine in FIGURES 4 and 5 wherein:

FIGURE 4 is a fragmentary side elevational view of a tear resistance measuring apparatus.

FIGURE 5 is a fragmentary view showing a modified type of holder for the sheet of which the tear resistance is to be determined.

FIGURE 6 is a side elevation of lire testing apparatus for pipe jacketing.

A pair of metal plates 10 are hinged together as at 11 and one of the plates has an angular base 12 at its rear face by means of which it may be mounted on a wall as with screws 13. The plates are further connected with bolts 14 having nuts 15 by means of which the plates may be clamped together. Each of the plates has a slot 16 extending down from its top. A stud or post secures the end of a 16 gauge copper weld wire 17 similar to what with which the cylindrical pipe covering is to be subsequently wrapped.

On the other end of the wire there is secured a weight. Below the weight, which in this instance weighs 13.3 lbs., there is a pointer 13 which registers with a scale 19 subdivided to show inches and parts of inches or centimeters.

A piece of the multiply jacket material sheet 2li with the fill threads parallel with the top edge of the sheet is placed between the plates and clamped rigidly in position. The wire 17 is placed in the middle of the slots in the plates so as to freely contact the upper edge of the sheet to be tested. If the pointer begins to move down on the scale the distance is measured and this indicates the relative tear resistance of the sheet to 16 gauge copper wire.

if the pointer 1S does not move down this indicates that the sheet is resisting the cutting force of the wire. Then another weight is placed on top of the 13.3 lb. weight. 1f no cutting takes place additional Weights are added until the tearing begins.

With ordinary jacketing sheet material the resistance to tearing is practically nil. As an example, the wire 17 normally cuts down into the ordinary sheet 3 inches in 13 seconds. with the 13.3 lb. weight on the tear strength gauge the arrow rarely moves down over 2 inches. It takes additional weights and a long period of time before the cut gets longer than 2 inches. We have adopted less than two inches tear in 24 hours as a Standard for our product and it illustrates the surprising properties of our invention.

' shows a modiiied type of paper clamp, with the la s 1de secured together with thumb screws 14a and with the sheet to `be tested clamped `between the plates. This modilication has an enlarged angular base 1211 Y 1nich supports the clamp on a horizontal support.

other modifications of tear resistance gauges or devices may readily be devised by those skilled in this art. As far as we are advised this measurement or" tear resistance by a wire of similar dimensions to the wire normally used for binding the jacketing material in position is entirely new and we claim the same broadly herein.

he flame resistance testing oi our new insulation outer covering product should be in accordance with the tests in the Federal specifications SS-A-llih under sections 3.7; 3.7.1; 4.3.3 Table iii, and the drawing of page 5 of said Federal specifications. Under such specified testing our new material rates as class A flame resistant.

In order to test the efcacy of our product from the point of view of our first noted objective, i.e., covering for outdoor insulated pipe lines which will resist spread of flame and the dripping of asphalt which would otherwise propagate combustion, we have devised a testing apparatus as indicated in FlGURE 6.

This iire test for pipe jacketing material involves the suspension of the covered pipe suspended vertically. The larger area of the assembly is enclosed with a larger diameter pipe to form a flue and what we have called a doughnut burner to start the test. The test time is 10 minutes with the burner on throughout the test. At the end of this period the flue pipe is removed and the amount of flame spread and lire damage is determined.

Describing the apparatus there is an upper beam support 21 from which are suspended through a pulley 22, a plurality of cables Z3 which are connected to the outer ilue pipe Z4. Thus the outer ilue pipe may be elevated vertically to expose the pipe jacketing after the test is completed.

A two inch pipe 2S is independently suspended and the jacketing material, usually in segment, is secured on the pipe 25 in the usual manner. Then our new jacket covering material is wrapped around the insulated pipe, the jacket covering material being secured to the pipe 2S with wire wraps spaced about four inches apart.

The length of the jacketed and covered pipe to be tested is six feet 9% inches. In position to carry out the test the jacketing and covering sheeting extends below the bottom of the outer line pipe 24 about ten inches and the covered jacketing extends above the top of the flue pipe also about ten inches.

For testing our material there is a circular (doughnut type) heater 27 positioned about one inch below the bottom of theV outer flue. This heater has a series of circumferentially arranged openings through which gas from a gas tube 23 is introduced.

With the various parts as described in assembled condition, the burner is lighted and the heat applied for ten minutes. At the end of this time the burner is With our new multiply jacket sheet material shut off, the outer hue is elevated and the extent of flame spread damage to the insulation outer jacket is determined by visual observation. Further the extent of splattering of asphalt dripping from the jacket is observed.

This test as has been described is primarily for purposes or" comparison of different types of outer covering but with a standardization of the rate of flow of the gas to the burner as by passing the gas through a meter set to control the rate of flow and pressure. A test for diterent ratings of material all made in the same way may be worked out, as will be readily understood.

Comparing insulating outer covering material made in accordance with the specications set forth herein we have observed that our material shows very little burning. Competitive jacket covering material such as asphalt coated felt, similarly tested, shows the outer covering material practically consumed and charred away. At the same time the testing of our new material shows practically no dripping while competitive material shows an area of three or four feet covered with intermittent splotches of drippings.

Modifications in the general plan of manufacture of the outer jacket covering material will occur to those skilled in the art, it being remembered that the substantial achieving of the six numbered objectives as set forth on page 1 of the specification will determine the extent of appropria tion of our invention.

While we have explained that our invention relates to the outer covering material for insulation covered pipes, we have used the term jacketing as not including the insulative blocks or precast insulative segments, but only the outer wrapping sheet which is usually Wired in position.

Having thus described our invention, what We claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. An outdoor, above ground, weather resistant jacketing material for insulating pipes and the like, comprising in combination a layer of asphalt saturated asbestos felt constituting the inner layer of said jacketing material, a coating of asphalt cement on said saturated layer, glass bers embedded in said asphalt cement coating, and a layer of unsaturated asbestos felt adhered to said asphalt cement coating and forming the outer layer of said jacketing material, said outer layer incorporating a paran wax composition whereby said outer layer remains permanently white upon exposure to the weather, said material being formed in a roll, and said glass bers being disposed with a substantial quantity of glass ber threads lying parallel to the axis of said roll, whereby said jacketing material is highly resistant to cutting or tearing when wrapped around a pipe in the same sense in which said material is wound in the roll and secured by a plurality of wire ties, said parallel fibers serving to support said wire ties and resist cutting or tearing of said jacketing material.

2. acketing material according to claim 1 wherein said glass fibers are in the form of an unwoven scrim.

References Cited in the le of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,066,311 Appel et al. Ian. 5, 1937 2,032,174 Miller et al. June 1, 1937 2,311,572 Reynolds Feb. 16, 1943 2,311,573 Shoan Feb. 16, 1943 2,360,109 Converse Oct. 10, 1944 2,523,022 Horstman Sept. 19, 1950 2,620,851 Brown Dec. 9, 1952 2,637,673 Barnard May 5, 1953 2,706,909 Boor Apr. 26, 1955 2,794,483 Hopkins et al I une 4, 1957 2,828,798 Hopkins et al Apr. 1, 1958 2,897,841 In Wai Hui et al.. Aug. 4 ,1959 2,943,010 Ste et al .lune 28, 1960 

1. AN OUTDOOR, ABOVE GROUND, WEATHER RESISTANT JACKETING MATERIAL FOR INSULATING PIPES AND THE LIKE, COMPRISING IN COMBINATION A LAYER OF ASPHALT SATURATED ASBESTOS FELT CONSTITUTING THE INNER LAYER OF SAID JACKETING MATERIAL, A COATING OF ASPHALT CEMENT ON SAID SATURATED LAYER, GLASS FIBERS EMBEDDED IN SAID ASPHALT CEMENT COATING, AND A LAYER OF UNSATURATED ASBESTOS FELT ADHERED TO SAID ASPHALT CEMENT COATING AND FORMING THE OUTER LAYER OF SAID JACKETING MATERIAL, SAID OUTER LAYER INCORPORATING A PARAFFIN WAX 